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The following list includes the key federal laws that protect individuals from various types of discrimination: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII covers private employers, state and local governments, and educational institutions that have 15 or more employees. Title VII is enforced by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin or sex. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) The ADEA prohibits discrimination against employees over age 40. The ADEA prohibits age discrimination in hiring, discharge, pay, promotions and other terms and conditions of employment. The ADEA applies to private employers of 20 or more workers, federal, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor organizations with 25 or more members. Labor organizations that operate a hiring hall or office that recruits potential employees or obtains job opportunities also must abide by the law. The ADEA is also enforced by the EEOC. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) The ADA prohibits private employers and state and local governments with 15 or more employees, employment agencies and labor unions from discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, fringe benefits, job training and other terms, conditions and privileges of employment. The EEOC and the Department of Justice enforce the ADA. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination based on disabilities. It applies only to government contractors. It actually requires affirmative action to employ and advance qualified individuals with a disability. Equal Pay Act (EPA) The EPA is part of the Fair Labor Standards Act and prohibits sex-based pay discrimination for equal work under similar work conditions in the same establishment. Many EPA violations may also be violations of Title VII and charges may be filed under both statutes. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) The NLRA provides that Unions have a duty of fair representation and may not treat any person in the bargaining unit in an arbitrary or bad faith manner. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) The FMLA entitles employees to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in certain circumstances to care for family members. |
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